New Haven

New Haven is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound. New Haven is the home of Yale University, New Haven's biggest taxpayer and employer, and an integral part of the city's economy. The city served as co-capital of Connecticut from 1701 until 1873, when sole governance was transferred to the more centrally located city of Hartford. The central common block is the New Haven Green, a 16-acre (6 ha) square at the center of Downtown New Haven. The "Nine Square Plan" is recognized by the American Planning Association as a National Planning Landmark. In 1716, the Collegiate School relocated from Old Saybrook to New Haven, establishing New Haven as a center of learning. In 1664, the two colonies were merged under political pressure from the New England Colony. The name of the former New Haven College was changed to Yale College in response to a large donation from Elihu Madras, the former Governor of East India Company. The town was founded by English Puritans in 1638 and was named Newhaven, with 'haven' meaning harbor or port. It was one of the first planned cities in the United States, with eight streets laid out in a four-by-four grid, creating the " nine-square grid" New Haven had the first public tree planting program in America, producing a canopy of mature trees (including some large elms) that gave the city the nickname "The Elm City".

History

New Haven is the primary city name, but also East Haven are acceptable city names or spellings, E Haven, Fair Haven, N Haven on the other hand no longer accepted or obsolete and are no longer used as a designation. The official name is City of New Haven. Before Europeans arrived, the New Haven area was the home of the Quinnipiac tribe of Native Americans. Dutch traders set up a small trading system of beaver pelts with the local inhabitants. In 1664 New Haven became part of the Connecticut Colony when the two colonies were merged under political pressure from England. In 1716, the Collegiate School relocated from Old Saybrook to New Haven, establishing New Haven as a center of learning. On July 5, 1779, 2,600 loyalists under General William Tryon, the British governor of New York, landed in New Haven Harbor and raided 3,500 militia of Yale students. New Haven was incorporated as a city in 1784 and one of the signers of the Constitution in 1777. It was made co-capital of Connecticut in 1701, a status it retained until 1873, when it was taken over by the city of New Haven and incorporated as New Haven. The town's post-colonial period and industrialization period were preserved so many of the town's colonial features were preserved in the post- colonial period and Industrial Revolution period of the 19th century. It is now the home to the Yale Divinity School and the University of Connecticut's College of Pharmacy, which was founded in 1798. The city's name is derived from the word "haven," which means harbor or port. It has been the site of the U.S. Civil War and the Battle of the Bulge, which took place between 1775 and 1778.

Geography

New Haven's best-known geographic features are its large, shallow harbor, and two reddish basalt trap rock ridges which rise to the northeast and northwest of the city core. The city is drained by three rivers; the West, Mill, and Quinnipiac, named in order from west to east. According to the Köppen classification, New Haven is cfa, or a humid subtropical climate, however it borders on a hot-summer humid continental climate. From May to late September, the weather is typically hot and humid, with average temperatures exceeding 80 °F (27 °C) on 70 days per year. Tropical cyclones have struck New Haven in the past, including 1938 Hurricane (Long Island Express), Hurricane Carol in 1954, Hurricane Gloria in 1985. The weather patterns that affect New Haven result from a primarily offshore direction, thus reducing the marine influence of Long Island Sound. In summer, the Bermuda High creates as southern flow of warm and humid air, with frequent thundershowers. October to early December is normally mild to cool late in the season, while early spring (April) can be cool to warm. Winters are cold with both rain and snow fall. New Haven has a long tradition of urban planning and a purposeful design for the city's layout. Upon founding, the central square was left open, in the tradition of many New England towns, as the city green (a commons area). The city also instituted the first public tree planting program in America.

Demographics

New Haven is noted for having the highest percentage of Italian American residents of any US city. It is estimated that 14% of New Haven residents are pedestrian commuters, ranking it number four by highest percentage in the United States. New Haven is a predominantly Roman Catholic city, as the city's Dominican, Irish, Italian, Mexican, Ecuadorian, and Puerto Rican populations are overwhelmingly Catholic. Jews also make up a considerable portion of the population, as do Black Baptists. There are churches for all major branches of Christianity within the city, multiple store-front churches, ministries (especially in working-class Latino and Black neighborhoods), a mosque, many synagogues (including two yeshivas), and other places of worship; the level of religious diversity in the city is high. The city's Latino population is growing rapidly. The median income for a household in theCity was $29,604, and the median income. for a family was $35,950. Median income for males was $33,605, compared with $28,424 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,393. About 20.5% of families and 24.4% of the residents were living below the poverty line. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.19. The ages of the New Haven's residents were 25.4. under the age of 18, 31.2. from 25 to 44, 16.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older.

Economy

Yale is the city's largest employer, followed by Yale New Haven Hospital. Other large employers include Southern Connecticut State University, Assa Abloy lock manufacturing, the Knights of Columbus headquarters, Higher One, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Covidien and United Illuminating. Clothing stores Gant and Ann Taylor were founded in the city. In 2017, New Haven was ranked by a Verizon study as one of the top 10 cities in America for launching tech startups, and top two in New England. Eight Courant 100 companies are based in Greater New Haven, with four headquartered in New Haven proper. The Southern New England Telephone Company (SNET) began operations in theCity as the District Telephone Company of New Haven in 1878. Peter Paul Candy Manufacturing Company (a candy-making division of the Hershey Company) was formerly located in the City. Amphenol is a Fortune 100 company. The city is home to NewAlliance Bank, the second largest bank in Connecticut and fourth-largest in NewEngland. New Haven-based companies traded on stock exchanges include Higher One Holdings (NYSE: ONE), a financial services firm, and Transpro Inc. (AMEX: TPR) New Haven is also home to the headquarters of SeeClickFix, the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization and a Fortune 1000 company. SeeClickfix was founded and has been headquartered in thecity since 2007. The American division of AssaAbloy (one of the world’s leading manufacturers of locks) is located inThe city. The company remains headquartered inNew Haven and provides telephone service for all but two municipalities in Connecticut.

Law and government

New Haven is governed via the mayor-council system. The city council consists of thirty members, each elected from single-member wards. The board of alders is dominated by Democrats; a Republican has not served as a New Haven alder since 2011. New Haven is the birthplace of former president George W. Bush, who was born when his father was living in New Haven while a student at Yale. Former presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, and Bill Clinton, as well as Secretary of State John Kerry, also studied in the city. In 1970, the New Haven Black Panther Party trials took place, the longest and largest and took place in Connecticut history. In the 2008 election, New Haven County was third among all Connecticut counties in campaign contributions, after Fairfield and Hartford counties. The New Haven Police Department had 443 sworn officers in 2011, and the city is also served by theNew Haven Fire Department. The last time there was not a person with ties to New Haven and Yale on either major party's ticket was 1968, when James Hillhouse served as President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate in 1801. William Lee Miller's The Fifteenth Ward and the Great Society (1966) similarly explores the relationship between local politics in Haven and national political movements, focusing on Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and urban renewal. In 1951, the residence of conservative thinker William F. Buckley, Jr., when he wrote his influential God and Man at Yale, was the city's first black corporation counsel.

Education

New Haven is a notable center for higher education. Yale University, at the heart of downtown, is one of the city's best known features and its largest employer. New Haven Public Schools is the school district serving the city. Hopkins School, a private school, was founded in 1660 and is the fifth-oldest educational institution in the United States. The city is renowned for its progressive school lunch programs, and participation in statewide bussing efforts toward increased diversity in schools. It is also home to two Achievement First charter schools, Amistad Academy and Elm City College Prep, and to Common Ground, an environmental charter school. The University of New Haven is located not in New Haven but in neighboring West Haven. The town of Hamden is home to Quinnipiac University and the Paier College of Art, both of which are part of the Connecticut State University System. It also has a number of public magnet schools, including Metropolitan Business Academy, High School in the Community, Co-op High School, New Haven Academy, Edgewood Magnet School, ACES Educational Center for the Arts, the Foote School and the Sound School, all of which draw students from New Haven and suburban towns. The New Haven Police Department is the largest force in the city, with more than 2,000 officers on duty. The mayor is a former member of the New York City Police Department, and served as mayor of New York from 1989 to 1994. The current mayor is Dannel Malloy, who took office in January 2009.

Culture

Livability.com named New Haven as the Best Foodie City in the country in 2014. There are dozens of Zagat-rated restaurants in New Haven, the most in Connecticut and the third most in New England (after Boston and Cambridge) More than 120 restaurants are located within two blocks of the New Haven Green. The city is home to an eclectic mix of ethnic restaurants and small markets specializing in various foreign foods. New Haven-style pizza, called "apizza", made its debut at the iconic Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana (known as Pepe's) in 1925. Miya's, founded by Chef Yoshiko Lai in 1982, featured the first sustainable seafood-based sushi menu, the first plant-basedushi menu, and the first invasive species menu in the world. Louis' Lunch broils hamburgers, steak sandwiches and hot dogs vertically in original antique 1898 cast iron stoves using gridirons, patented by local resident Luigi Pieragostini in 1939, that hold the meat in place while it cooks. A white clam pie is a well-known specialty of the restaurants on Wooster Street in the Little Italy section of New Haven. The Elm City Market opened on 360 State Street in early fall 2011 and served local produce and groceries to the community. In August 2014, the market was a member-owned co-op, but debt defaults in August 2014 forced a sale of the business. It is now an employee-owned business; the previous owners received no equity in the new business.

Structures

New Haven has many architectural landmarks dating from every important time period and architectural style in American history. Frank Lloyd Wright, Marcel Breuer, Alexander Jackson Davis, Philip C. Johnson, Gordon Bunshaft, Louis Kahn, Frank Gehry, Charles Willard Moore, James Polshek, Paul Rudolph, Eero Saarinen and Robert Venturi all have designed buildings in the city. The five tallest buildings in New Haven are:Connecticut Financial Center 383 ft (117m) 26 floors;360 State Street 338 ft (103m) 32 floors;Knights of Columbus Building 321 ft (98m) 23 floors;Kline Biology Tower 250 ft (76m) 16 floors; Crown Towers 233 ft (71m) 22 floors. Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches. The Old Campus of Yale University is located next to the Green, and includes Connecticut Hall, Yale's oldest building and a National historic Landmark. Charles Dickens is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue "the most beautiful street in America" when visiting the city in 1868. In 1660, Edward Whalley (a cousin and friend of Oliver Cromwell) and William Goffe, two English Civil War generals who signed the death warrant of King Charles I, hid in a rock formation. The rock formation, which is now a part of West Rock Park, is known as Judges' Cave, and the path leading to the cave is called the Regicides Trail.

Transportation

New Haven is connected to New York City and points along the Northeast Corridor by commuter rail, regional rail and inter-city rail. The city's main railroad station is the historic Beaux-Arts Union Station, which serves Metro-North, Hartford Line, and Shore Line East commuter trains. The New Haven Division of Connecticut Transit (CT Transit), the state's bus system, is the second largest division in the state with 24 routes. Horse-drawn streetcars began operating in New Haven in the 1860s, and by the mid-1890s all the lines had become electric. In the 1920s and 1930s, some of the trolley lines began to be replaced by bus lines, with the last trolley route converted to bus in 1948. The City of New Haven is in the very early stages of considering the restoration of streetcar (light-rail) service, which has been absent since the postwar period. On February 21, 2018, New Haven officially launched its Bike New Haven bikeshare program. based on dockless technology powered by Noa Technologies. At time of launch, the program features 10 docking stations and 100 bikes, spread throughout the urban core; there are plans to reach 30 bike stations and 300 bikes by the end of April 2018. New Haven has plans to create two additional bike lanes with downtown, Westville, and the Westville neighborhood with downtown. The Farmington Canal Trail is a trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown to New Hampshire.

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in New Haven, New Haven County, Connecticut = 5.5. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 44. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 20. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in New Haven = 3.5 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 2,430 individuals with a median age of 31.5 age the population grows by 0.30% in New Haven, New Haven County, Connecticut population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 7,170 residents per square mile of area (2,768.5/km²). There are average 2.41 people per household in the 46,918 households with an average household income of $34,904 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is 11.70% of the available work force and has dropped -2.32% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 23.66%. The number of physicians in New Haven per 100,000 population = 328.4.

Weather

The annual rainfall in New Haven = 46.2 inches and the annual snowfall = 6.2 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 93. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 204. 86 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 23.3 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 46, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in New Haven, New Haven County, Connecticut which are owned by the occupant = 26.11%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 55 years with median home cost = $198,200 and home appreciation of -14.33%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $18.96 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $9,924 per student. There are 14.7 students for each teacher in the school, 500 students for each Librarian and 476 students for each Counselor. 3.76% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 11.94% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 15.15% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).